Location: National study sponsored by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), based in Bethesda, MD
Purpose: Developing a better understanding of the cause of MS.

Location: VA Medical Center, Portland, OR
Purpose:
• To evaluate the possibility that MS is a risk factor for hearing impairment, tinnitus, and central auditory dysfunction
• To determine the nature and extent of auditory dysfunction in persons with MS compared to those without MS, and determine neuropsychological function in each group
• To evaluate the extent to [...]

Location: Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center at the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
Purpose: To evaluate normal volunteers and patients with a variety of diseases with MRI. Researchers will attempt different MRI methods and techniques as well as different levels of magnetic strength. MRI and MRS do not use ionizing radiation.

Location: Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center at the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
Purpose: To determine the cause(s) of persistent signs and symptoms of Lyme disease despite taking what is currently considered to be adequate antibiotic therapy; and to assemble a well characterized cohort of patients with presumed chronic Lyme disease as well as relevant [...]

Most persons who receive this publication (MSQR) are already enrolled in the surveybased NARCOMS MS Patient Registry Long- Term Study (especially if there is a number immediately above your name on the address label). However, if you know other persons with MS in the US who might like to participate, we would be pleased to [...]

Specimen Collection and Archiving for Immunological Investigations Aiming to Understand the Immunological Mechanism of MS and Identify New Targets for Immune Therapies for MS and Other Neuroinflammatory Disorders
Location: Phoenix, AZ
Purpose: To understand the immunological mechanism of multiple sclerosis (MS) and identify new targets for immune therapies for MS and other necroinflammatory disorders.

Location: Warren G. Magnuson Clinical Center, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine tongue strength and endurance, how the tongue applies pressure during swallowing, and how the chin muscles react during swallowing in healthy volunteers and in patients with dysphagia (difficulty swallowing).

Location: Warren G. Magnuson Clinical
Center, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine if changes in the hypercapniainduced
cerebral blood flow (CBF).
Differences in response between patients with MS and controls may help to monitor the treatment of the disease.

Silva Markovic-Plese, MD—Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina School of Medicine, North Carolina
Introduction
The recent expansion in our understanding of the development of the disease in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) has allowed therapies to be designed with ever-greater specificity. Some of these medications are even able to target interactions [...]