Denise I. Campagnolo, MD, MS––Director Clinical Multiple Sclerosis Research, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix,
Arizona; Timothy L.Vollmer, MD–– VanDenburgh Fellow, Director BNI Neuroimmunology Program, Barrow Neurological
Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
Key Words:
Antigens – Any substance that provokes an immune response. Ideally, the antigen is a foreign substance, like a protein made by a bacterium. Sometimes T cells inappropriately react with […]

Amit Bar-Or, MD, FRCPC-Heuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
Introduction
There are two major body systems whose interactions are responsible for multiple sclerosis (MS). One is the central nervous system (CNS), whose cells are damaged or destroyed by the disease. The other is the immune system, whose cells are thought to perpetrate the damage. Information […]

Robert J. Fox, MD––Medical Director, Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis, Assistant Professor, Cleveland Clinic Lerner School of Medicine at CWRU Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
Introduction
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has provided a new window into the injury caused by multiple sclerosis (MS) and the effects of MS therapies. MRI can be performed in a variety of […]

A.D. Sadovnick–– Department of Medical Genetics and Faculty of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; E. Dwosh–– Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; C.H. Guimond–– Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
Background
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common neurological disorders, other than […]

Stacy Oswald, BS, MSQR Coorinator – Barrow Neurological Institute; and Timothy Vollmer, MD, Chief, Neuroimmunology Section – Division of Neurology and Director – Barrow MS and Related Diseases Clinic and Research Center, Phoenix, AZ
Rebif® is the most recent of three interferon drugs to be FDA-approved for use in slowing the progression of multiple sclerosis […]

Craig H. Smith, MD, MS Hub Medical Group, Seattle, WA
Multiple sclerosis (MS) has not been cured, but in recent years several medications have become available that can slow its progression. Even so, many patients eventually enter a stage of progressive deterioration that has been very difficult to treat. Two years ago the Food and Drug […]